Background
Many of the system stored procs (including sp_helpdb) make use of the sp_autoformat stored proc.
sp_autoformat was designed to reduce column widths (ie, remove excessive spaces) when generating a result set.
While the default version of sp_autoformat works well with single-byte character sets (eg, iso_1), it has problems when working with multi-byte character sets (eg, utf8).
Issue
The snippet of output you've posted looks like one of the limitations of the default version of sp_autoformat whereby it doesn't resize columns properly when working with a multi-byte character set.
What character set are you using? [I'm guessing utf8; you can find your character set listed in the output from sp_helpsort.]
Workaround
For the last couple years I've been using a modified version of sp_autoformat ... tweaking it as I find new shortcomings.
I've uploaded a copy of my most recent version of sp_autoformat over in the SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (SAP ASE) for Custom Applications forum.
The link for the uploaded file: CODE : sp_autoformat : fix utf8 spacing issue, add binary support